A-Level Psychology Essays

Design Essay (AS)

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Paper 2 Design Essays

Sarah believes that pet(s) can help in reducing stress. She hypothesizes that the more pets a person has, the less likely they experience stress.

Describe how Sarah could conduct a correlational study to investigate the relationship between having pet(s) and stress. Do not refer to sample/sampling techniques and ethical guidelines/issues in your answer.

Aim

To investigate the relationship between having pets and stress.

Hypothesis

It is hypothesized that there is a negative correlation between having pets and stress. This is a one-tailed directional hypothesis.

Research method

This study will be conducted as a correlation study with two co-variables. Self-reports that is questionnaires will be used to collect data.

Co-variables

Variable 1: Number of pets

Variable 2: Level of stress

Operationalisation of variables

Questionnaire form will contain 25 closed questions on stress level with a 5-point rating scale (1 being 'rarely or never true' and 5 being 'often or always true').

Example questions: 'I feel overwhelmed by day to day tasks', 'I do not feel motivated at most times'

Filler questions: 'I feed my pets regularly'

One demographic information question at the end of the questionnaire will ask participants to indicate how many pets reared more than one year do they have.

Procedure

Participants who consent to join will be brought into an empty room with a table and a chair. They will be given the questionnaire in paper and pencil method to be completed individually without any presence of others. They will only be given a maximum of 30 minutes to complete it.

Data analysis

Quantitative data is collected. The total stress level score of each participant will be calculated. The data collected will be plotted as a scatter plot with x-axis as number of pets, y-axis as stress level score. A best fit line will be drawn to see whether the hypothesis is supported. A line going downward will indicate a negative correlation between the two variables. The correlation coefficient will be calculated to determine the strength of correlation, the closer it is to 1.00 the stronger the correlation.